Buddhist Terms

 

절 : temple

• 암자 : hermitage
• 토굴 : private residence
• 스님 : venerable, reverned. monk. nun
• 승가 : sangha
• 승가대학 : sangha college/monk's school
• 조계종 : Chogye Order
• 불가 : Buddhist Community
• 법명 : Dharma name/ ordained name
• 법문 : Dharma talk
• 법회 : Dharma meeting/assembly, Buddhist gathering
• 백팔배 : 108 bows/prostrations
• 백팔참회 : 10 repentances
• 의식 : Buddhist rituals
• 예불 : worship/service
• 염불 : Chanting
• 독경 : chant/recite sutras
• 새벽/아침 예불 : morning service
• 저녁예불 : evening service
• 도량석 : wake up chant
• 출가하다 : entering the Buddhist priesthood
• 계를받다 : become ordained, renounce the world
• 수행하다 : To practice cultivativation
• 정진하다 : practice meditation/spirtual exercise
• 기도(하다): religious practice. pray
• 향(피우다): to offer(burn, light) incense
• 참선(하다) : meditation/to practice
• 합장: To put hands together, Buddhist greeting putting palms together
• 합장하다 : bow with hands joined/folded
• 주력 : sayings of the Buddha or great masters - often written by masters in special calligraphy

 

 

System

• 총림 : (s)Vana. Training monasteries. Four big monasteries in Korea that provide comprehensive training for monks.  The four monasteries are : T'ongdosa, Haeinsa, Songgwongsa, and Sudoksa
• 선사 : Zen master
• 비구스님 : monk, venerable, reverend, sunim
• 비구니스님 : Buddhist nuns
• 비구.비구니계 : The Bhikhu/Bhikkhuni precepts
• 강사스님 : lecturer, Head lecturer, Sutra teacher
• 강주 : dean
• 은사스님 : Vocation master, teacher
• 상좌/제자 : disciple
• 소좌/납자 : Zen practitioners
• 사형 : spiritual brother(elder)
• 사제 : spiritual brother(younger)
• 성직자 : priesthood
• 속인 : laypeople
• 거사 : laymen
• 보살 : laywomen
• 보살계 : The Bodhisattva precepts
• 불자 : Buddhist
• 행자 : trainees/postulants/Prospective ordinaned/A novice
• 사미 : novices
• 사미. 사미계 : The Sami/Samini precepts/Rules for novices
• 종정 : Supreme master/head/spiritual leader
• 방장스님 : Zen Master. Chief of the precincts. (This title is reserved for the Zen Masters of the four main training monasteries
• 율사 : Vinaya Master/Discipline teacher/precept Master
• 조실 : Official title of the resident Zen Master
• 주지 : Chief Monk. Abbot. Monastic who holds executive control over the support positions of the monastery.
• 총무 : a Sunim who is in charge of general affairs.
• 교무 : Catechist/a sunim who is in charge of education
• 재무 : a sunim who is in charge of financial affairs
• 총무원장 : President of order headquarters.

 

NAMES OF BUILDINGS

• 일주문 : one pillar gate, one span gate
• 사천왕문 : The Four heavenly kings. four Grardins gate
• 불이문 : Non-duality gate
• 대웅전 : main hall, dharma hall. main dharma hall. main buddha hall. main sanctuary
• 법당 :main Dharma hall
• 관음전 : Avalokitesvara hal, a boddhisattva known for compassion
• 지장전/명부전 : Ksitigarbha hall, a boddhisattva of the deceased
• 약사전 : healing Buddha hall
• 미륵전 : maitreya hall, future Buddha
• 극락전 : Amita Buddha hall
• 나한전/웅진전 : arhat's hall
• 설법전 : Teaching hall -where people gather to hear a lecture
• 산신각 : shrine for mountain god
• 삼성각 : shrine for three stars
• 독성각 : shrine for lonely saint, independant
• 칠성각 : shrine for the seven stars
• 선방 :  meditation hall
• 종구 :  bell tower
• 공양간/후원 : dining place or kitchen
• 오사채 : living quarters
• 종무소 : offic, Temple office
• 종무소직원 : clerk
• 종각 : Bell Tower(Hall)
• 보물장 : Temple Museum
• 장경각 : Hall for storing Sutras, For keeping Sutras.
• 시자실 : attendant's room

• 해우소 : toilet, ladies & gents

• 경내 : courtyard

 

Things

• 불상 : statue
• 목불 : wooden statue

• 석불 : stone statue

• 벽화/탱화 : wall painting, Buddhist painting behind th Buddha statue

• A buddhist scroll painting. A Buddhist religious painting

• 탑 : pagoda, stupa

• 석등 : stone lanterns

 

Things in Temple

• 복전함/불전함 : donation box/offering box
• 단청 : literal meaning is red and blue picture of many colors and designs painted on canopy in temples
• 온돌 : typical Korean style of underfloor heating
• 기와 : roof tile
• 풍경 : windbell

 

 

Instruments

• 목탁 : wooden percussion instrument used for chanting and worship mokt'ak.
• wooden bell-for keeping the rhythm when chanting.
• 사물 : The Four instruments
•   종 : bell, 북 : drum, 운판 : cloud-shaped gong, 목어 : wooden-fish
• 요령 : handbell
• 죽비 : Bamboo stick or clapper - dounded three times at the beginning and end of the meditation session
• 염주 : Beads-worn around the wrist and often used for recitation in order to keep concentration. Buddhist rosary.  Buddhist beads-108  or to 1000 used for counting bows

 

 

Things to eat

• 육식을 안한다 : refrain from meat
• 채식하다 : eat vegetables only
• 공양 : meal, offerings, Meal in a monastery
• 발우공양 : sunims's taking formal and ceremonial meal
• 대중공양 : Festival meal
• 아침공양 : breakfast
• 점심공양 : lunch
• 저녁공양 : dinner
• 마지(올리다) : to offer rice to the Buddha

 

Things to wear

• 승복 : Buddhist robes
• 가사 : ceremonial garment worn over robes
• 장삼 : formal monastic robes
• 고무신 : rubber shoes
• 걸망 : rucksack/knapsack
• 누비옷 : quilted clothes

 

Names of Sutra

• 경전 : sutra/scripture/canon
• 대승경전 : The Mahayana Canon
•   화엄경 : Avtamsaka sutra/Flower Ornament(garland)sutra.
•   법화경 : Saddharmapundarika Sutra/Lotus sutra
•   열반경 : Nirvana sutra
•   능엄경 : Surangama sutra
•   능가경 : lankavatara sutra
•   원각경 : The sutra of perfect Enlightenment
•   사십이장경 : Forty-two sutra
•   반야경 : Prajnaparamitta sutra/Perfection of Wisdom sutra
•   금강경 : Vajracchedika sutra/Diamond sutra
•   반야심경 : Hridaya sutra/Heart sutra
• 어록 : record of sayings
• 유마경 : Vimalakirti
• 삼장 : 1)The Tripitaka, The three collections of Buddhist sutras, the Bu7ddhist Texts, are divided into three collections;

• 2)The three collections of Buddhist sutras: the Sutras(경),Vunaya(율), and Abhidharma(논) collections

• 대장경 : Great Scripture Store, Tuipitika.

 

Names of Bodhisattva

• 지장보살 : Chijang Bodhisattva is the one who delays his becoming a buddha until enlightenment for the people who suffer in the world.

• Earth store Bodhisattva.  Ksitigarbha
• 관음보살 : Kwanum Bodhisattva is the one who is full of compassion and mercy. Avalokitesvara.

• He/She listens to the sound of people and comforts the people

• 약사보살 : Yaksa is a  healing Bodhisattva who heals and cures the sickness of people.
• The Medicine Buddha. Bhaisajyaguru

• 대세지보살 : Bodhisattva of power. Bodhisattva shown to the right of Amitabha Buddha. Represents wisdom. Mahasthamaprapta

• 보현보살 : symbolized by the elephant. Samantabhadra. Bodhisattava of Compassionate Action.
• 아미타불 :(s)Amitabha-buddha. Buddha of the Western Paradise.
• The Buddha of the Light.

 

Buddhism Ceremony

• 성도일 : Buddha's Enlightenment Day, in Korea held on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month
• 초파일 : Buddha's birthday
• 부처님오신날 : the day Buddha came
• 사십구제 : Forth-ninth day Ceremony ; the memorial service held on the forty-ninth day after a person's death